CCC, Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.

222 Rosewood Drive
01923 Danvers, MA
USA
Phone:  +1 978 750 8400
Fax: +1 978 750 4343
e-mail: bfunkhouser@copyright.com
Web: http://www.copyright.com

Key representatives:
Executive Director - International Division Bruce Funkhouser bfunkhouser@copyright.com +1 (978) 750-8400
Senior Director – International Edward Colleran ecolleran@copyright.com +1 (978) 750-8400
CEO & President Tracey Armstrong tarmstrong@copyright.com +1 (978) 750-8400


HISTORY OF ORGANISATION
History Summary:
CCC was founded in 1978 at the suggestion of the U.S. Congress that an efficient mechanism for the exchange of rights and royalties be created to facilitate compliance with the then newly revised copyright law. Creators (including authors), publishers and users joined together to form not-for-profit Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
Year of incorporation: 1978
Year of first collection: 1978
Year of first distribution: 1979

ORGANISATION
Composition of Board
Total number of Board Members:
Total number of Author Representatives:
Total number of Publisher Representatives:
How are Board Members elected:
Remarks about Board:
Since CCC’s founding, its Board of Directors has consistently included publishers, creators, and users.

Members:
Total Number of Member Associations:
Total Publishers' associations:
Total Creators' (authors and visual artists) Associations:
Total Rights holders represented:
Remarks about the members:
CCC represents owners of copyright rights in textual works, including books, journals, newspapers, textbooks, newsletters and websites.

DATES OF FINANCIAL YEAR  July 1 - June 30

MODEL OF RRO OPERATION
Type of National legislation:


There is no U.S. statutory license or direct legislative authority. CCC obtains authorizations to license various uses of copyrighted materials through voluntary contracts with individual rightsholders. Voluntary licensing requires significant effort in sales, marketing, and customer service on both the rightsholder and user sides of CCC’s tens of thousands of contracts
Legal system: Voluntary Licensing schemes, without any form of back-up in Copyright Laws
Other licensing system: CCC licenses photocopying (on either a repertory or transactional basis) by users in for-profit and not-for-profit corporations and organizations, libraries, academic institutions of all types, government agencies, medical centers, research institutes, document suppliers, and producers of academic coursepacks, as well as individuals. CCC also licenses digital uses on limited-access, internal corporate and academic networks, and for Internet and e-mail dissemination via its Digital Permissions Service (DPS), Republication Licensing Service (RLS) and via Rightslink, its end-to-end digital rights licensing and reprint service.
Mandating rights holders:

LICENCES
Reprographic Licences
Types of works licensed: Reprography, most categories of printed works.
Types of uses licensed (including, where applicable, course packs, document delivery) : Academic, including coursepacks, corporate for both internal and external distribution, document delivery, inter-library loan, and republication.
Types of institutions/sectors licensed: Commercial and industrial corporations, professional organizations, government agencies, librairies, research institutes, copyshops, document delivery services, universities, schools and individuals
Pilot Projects:

Digital Licences
Types of works licensed:
Types of uses licensed (including, where applicable, course packs,document delivery and storage): Academic, including coursepacks, corporate for both internal and external distribution, document delivery, inter-library loan, and republication.
Types of institutions/sectors licensed: Commercial and industrial corporations, professional organizations, government agencies,libraries, research institutes, copyshops, document delivery services, universities, schools and individuals.
Pilot Projects: Combined photocopy and digital academic repertory license - Academic Annual Copyright License, self-published works licensing, multimedia (images & video)

Other Licences

Other areas of licensing
Digital uses on limited-access, internal corporate and academic networks; paper and electronic republication of previously published material; end-to-end digital rights licensing and reprint service at point of content; digital reproduction and distribution of copyrighted materials for external uses.

DISTRIBUTION
Outline of Distribution plan and methodology used: Transactional and Repertory
Distribution methods: Title-specific distribution, Full reporting, Sampling, Statistical surveys
Other distribution method:

AGREEMENTS
Number of Bilateral agreements type A: 26
Bilateral agreements type A with: Bilateral agreements type A with: Access Copyright (Canada), AIDRO (Italy), Bonus Presskopia (Sweden), CAL (Australia), CFC (France), CEDRO (Spain), CLA (UK), CLASS (Singapore) CLL (New Zealand), COPIBEC (Canada/Quebec), COPY-DAN (Denmark), DALRO (South Africa), HKRRLS (Hong Kong), ICLA (Ireland), JAACC (Japan), JAMCOPY (Jamaica), JCLS (Japan), KOPINOR (Norway-unilateral), KOPIOSTO (Finland), NLA (UK), OSDEL (Greece), ProLitteris (Switzerland), Reprobel (Belgium), SR (Netherlands), STM-RRO (Netherlands), VG WORT (Germany).
Number of Bilateral agreements type B:
Bilateral agreements type B with:  none
Other agreements with RROs: Access Copyright (Canada), CAL (Australia), CEDRO (Spain), CLA (UK), CLL (New Zealand), COPIBEC (Canada/Quebec), DALRO (South Africa), HKRRLS (Hong Kong), ICLA (Ireland)

FINANCIAL DATA

Total amount collected for all licensing
USD 204,800,000.00 (+/- EUR 142,529,055.61)

Total amount collected for reproduction licensing
None

Total amount collected nationally for reproduction licensing
USD 165,300,000.00 (+/- EUR 115,039,320.76)

Total amount received for licensing from other RROs world-wide
USD 39,500,000.00 (+/- EUR 27,489,734.85)

Total amount distributed from all licensing
USD 144,300,000.00 (+/- EUR 100,424,525.02)

Total amount distributed to national rightsholders
None

Total Amount distributed to foreign RROs
None

The exchange rate of 1 January 2010 was applied, being EUR 1=1.4369 USD